Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biopolymer with a Broad Range of Biomedical and Industrial Applications
Grigorij Kogan, Ladislav Šoltés, Robert Stern, Peter Gemeiner
HA can mobilize water in tissue and thereby change dermal volume and compressibility. It can also influence cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue repair. Changes in HA observed with aging, wound healing and degenerative diseases further emphasize its importance in skin.
Hyaluronan: The Natural Skin Moisturizer
Birgit A. Neudecker, Howard I. Maibach, Robert Stern
The key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) with its associated water-of-hydration. Understanding the metabolism of HA, its reactions within skin and the interactions of HA with other skin components will facilitate the ability to modulate skin moisture.
Hyaluronan: Dry Skin and Moisturizers
Robert Stern
Hyaluronan occurs in virtually all vertebrate tissues and fluids, but skin is the largest reservoir of body HA, containing more than 50% of the total. Earlier studies on the distribution of HA in skin, using histolocalization techniques, seriously underestimated HA levels.
Hyaluronic Acid: A Unique Topical Vehicle for the Localized Delivery of Drugs to the Skin
M.B. Brown, S.A. Jones
The presence of HA enables drugs to penetrate the outer skin barrier and then form a reservoir or depot in the epidermis, limiting their systemic absorption. Such localization would be desirable for the topical use of many drugs.
